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great I'm going to be here today and I'm

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going to talk about some brain imaging

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of the brain signals from subjects that

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we've studied with correlated brain

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signals now first of all I wanted to

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acknowledge all my collaborators and

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co-investigators Liana Standish from

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bastyr university Laila Kozak Jeanne

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actor Berg Karen cook James Lake Clark

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Johnson and we wanted to thank Dean

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Radin for help with our EEG alpha

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analysis to which I'll show a little bit

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later on so the question is is there

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evidence for correlations between

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distance intentionality and brain

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function in recipients of distance

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intentionality who are tested using fMRI

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and EEG now for a background history has

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shown evidence for connection between

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human beings we all like connections

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between those we love and those that we

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work with and so how are we connected

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there could be spiritual connections

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emotional connections sensory

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connections now all of you you have a

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sensory connection with me right now so

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you can you can see me and I can see you

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I have a sensory connection and then

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there's energy connections so all of

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these have influence on how my theory is

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on how the brain works okay so a little

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bit of background in my regular work I

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do brain imaging of different diseases

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and and different research projects so

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one of my biggest projects is to study

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children with learning disabilities and

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so I do a lot of brain imaging of

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language in children with learning

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disabilities but so functional magnetic

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resonance imaging is a technique for

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measuring brain activation using blood

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oxygen level dependence which is called

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bold but now fMRI is completely

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dependent on the water in the brain

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so we've heard some talk before about

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the importance of water and that's

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exactly what we're measuring in the

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brain is the water signal which may be

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influenced by the oxygen but the real

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signal is coming from the water so how

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is it statistically tested is there a

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possibility of false positives and I'll

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go through some of the statistical tests

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that we use to test for the significance

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of brain activation that we get so

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there's been a blossoming of MRI in the

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in its ability to brain scan and I

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borrowed some slides from Mark Cohen

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from UCLA and so and I'm going to give

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you a little background on brain imaging

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but there's a blossoming of advances in

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brain imaging techniques that's happened

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and just like the past five to ten years

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that's allowed us to measure new things

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in the brain that we haven't been able

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to do before okay so brain activation is

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what happens when you think so so if all

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of you put up your right hand and you if

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all of you go like this with your right

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hand and as you're doing this you are

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activating your motor cortex on your

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left side so it crosses over so your

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right hand activates part on your left

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brain it crosses over and so you're

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activating parts of your motor cortex

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right up here of your left side of your

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brain and this causes a change in CBF

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stands for cerebral blood flow it

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changes the cerebral blood volume oxygen

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and venous oxygen and glucose

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utilization so all of these things

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happen is your change your brain

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activation now it also changes the

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electrical activity in your brain which

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you can measure with

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electroencephalography techniques

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and so the the technique with functional

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MRI is dependent on the fact that we

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have an influence of the blood oxygen on

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the tissue a signal that we get even

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though it's some distant it could be

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some distant from the from the blood

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vessel so here's the blood vessel in the

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brain and we can pick up signal over

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here because of the influence of the

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oxygen on the water in the tissue over

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here okay so one of the first

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experiments done with functional MRI was

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with photic stimulation and so you can

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measure the brain signal say every three

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seconds and you keep going beep beep

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beep and you go on and then you go off

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and you go on I sell off and on and as

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you change the stimulus you get a change

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in the brain activation as seen by the

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mr signal intensity and so we can see

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this change and then we can do

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statistics to test is this significantly

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different than this for all the

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different parts of the brain so in

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photic stimulation we in this case there

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are stimulating for 60 seconds at a time

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and then they switch tasks for another

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60 seconds and then they switch now

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typically we go through about five

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cycles of on-off period to get enough

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statistics to make a statement about

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brain activation so this is an example

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of activation with a moving visual

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stimulus and so here's here it is in the

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back of the brain in the mt region of

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the brain v5 these are areas of visual

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processing in the brain ok and then to

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process the signal we do allow some

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problem convolution of the impulse

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function in order to process this

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because there is a delay so after you

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get a stimulus there is a delay of about

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five seconds between the onset of the

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stimuli

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and the change in the bold signal ok so

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the temporal resolution is limiting in

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fMRI that's one of the limitations and

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that's why we like both f MRI and EEG

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because the temporal resolution is very

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slow in fMRI but the spatial resolution

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is very good so we like to do both f MRI

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and EEG because we get the best of both

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worlds the spatial resolution with fMRI

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and the temporal resolution with EEG ok

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now we use software developed by a group

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and Oxford called FSL so we have

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software developed to do the statistics

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of the brain signal and we can measure

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single-subject statistics and we can do

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group statistics let me go ok and it's

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called the GLM estimation so we have

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this model that we apply to the brain

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signal which we use to figure out how

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close the model fits with the actual

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signal we get from the brain and we use

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that model to test every voxel in the

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brain to see if there's a significant

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activation and we do some

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autocorrelation and we and we're able to

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get brain activation map in the brain

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I'll show you some in a minute but now

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we've published a paper in the journal

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of alternative and complementary

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medicine Genie actor Berg is the first

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author on this paper she's from Hawaii

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and so is Karen they're both from a why

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I'm from Seattle and my job was to

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analyze the signal so they sent me the

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images that came from the scanner and my

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job was to analyze the brain images so

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the subjects consisted of 22

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participants 11 pairs of healer and

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recipients

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now in the Big Island of Hawaii they

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have these Hawaiian healers that are

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gifted these are the gifted Hawaiian

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healers and they know how to send their

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energy and they know how to influence

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their energy for good to heal so Jeannie

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is the one who selected these healers to

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do this commute this experiment with the

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fMRI so in the experimental conditions

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the healer was in a control room

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physically an optically isolated from

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the receiver in the scanner so the

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scanner is deep in this tunnel if you

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have ever how many of you had an MRI if

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you had an MRI it's kind of daunting

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because you have to go in this deep

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tunnel it's really noisy and you say how

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how could you do a brain activation like

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this with all this noise how could this

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ever work well it does work because you

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can you have the on and off stimulus

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while the noise is going on so the noise